·科学·
B2

How El Niño Is Fueling Pacific Hurricanes While Calming the Atlantic

エルニーニョ現象が大西洋を沈静化させつつ太平洋のハリケーンを活発化させている理由

#El Niño#hurricanes#weather extremes#climate
0:00 / 0:00

The ongoing El Niño climate pattern is driving stark contrasts across the world's oceans, fueling a surge of intense hurricanes in the Pacific while keeping the Atlantic season unusually quiet. In the eastern Pacific, higher sea-surface temperatures and weaker high-altitude winds have created ideal conditions for storm activity. The basin has already produced 22 named storms and 12 hurricanes—including 10 major hurricanes—surpassing the total seen in a typical full season, even with two months still remaining.

even with two months still remaining= シーズン終了までまだ2ヶ月残っている段階であることを強調する表現

Among the season's powerful storms, Hurricane Polo underwent rapid intensification, generating wind gusts of 180 mph (285 km/h) fed by warm ocean waters. Polo was also part of a rare cluster, churning simultaneously alongside Odalys and Nolo. This marked the second time in a single month that three Pacific hurricanes have existed at once—a phenomenon not recorded since 2015, following a similar trio formed by Lowell, Karina, and Marie in early September.

underwent rapid intensification= 短期間で最大風速や勢力が急速に発達・強大化したことを表す気象表現

In sharp contrast, the Atlantic Ocean has remained remarkably calm. El Niño tends to increase wind shear over the northern Atlantic, creating opposing winds that tear developing storms apart and limit their ability to organize. As a result, the basin has seen only one hurricane so far: Hurricane Isaias, which made landfall in the Florida Panhandle and Alabama.

tear developing storms apart= 発達途中の暴風雨の構造を逆風で引き裂き、組織化を妨げること

Isaias set a new record as the latest-forming first hurricane in the Atlantic during the satellite era, which began in the 1960s, breaking the previous record of September 11 recorded in 2002 and 2013. By this point in an average season, the Atlantic would typically see ten named storms, five hurricanes, and two major hurricanes. This year, it has recorded just eight tropical storms and a single hurricane, showing how one climate pattern can reshape storm activity across opposing oceans.

By this point in an average season= 平年であればこの時期までに通常見られる基準や水準を示す表現

学習ノート

表現パターン

パターン意味
even with two months still remainingシーズン終了までまだ2ヶ月残っている段階であることを強調する表現
underwent rapid intensification短期間で最大風速や勢力が急速に発達・強大化したことを表す気象表現
tear developing storms apart発達途中の暴風雨の構造を逆風で引き裂き、組織化を妨げること
By this point in an average season平年であればこの時期までに通常見られる基準や水準を示す表現

語彙

語意味
surge水や空気などが、勢いよく突然流れ動くこと。また、その流れ。
basin食器や液体などを入れる、深めの鉢や容器。
landfall航海・飛行中に、海上から初めて陸地を目にすること。また、そのとき最初に見える海岸。

言語メモ

  • •気象用語における「basin(海盆・海域)」は、大西洋や東太平洋など熱帯低気圧が発生・追跡される特定の海洋エリアを指す専門的な表現です。
  • •一方の海洋が活発化し他方が沈静化する現象は、大気の大規模な遠隔相関(テレコネクション)を示す典型例であり、ある海域の水温変化が遠く離れた別の海域の風や気圧配置に影響を与えます。

練習

読んだ内容を確認しましょう。

  1. The   has already produced 22 named storms and 12 hurricanes—including 10 major hurricanes—surpassing the total seen in a typical full season, even with two months still remaining.

  2. Why has the Atlantic hurricane season been unusually quiet during this El Niño?

Source: BBC