·Science·
B2

How El Niño Is Fueling Pacific Hurricanes While Calming the Atlantic

#El Niño#hurricanes#weather extremes#climate
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The ongoing El Niño climate pattern is driving stark contrasts across the world's oceans, fueling a surge of intense hurricanes in the Pacific while keeping the Atlantic season unusually quiet. In the eastern Pacific, higher sea-surface temperatures and weaker high-altitude winds have created ideal conditions for storm activity. The basin has already produced 22 named storms and 12 hurricanes—including 10 major hurricanes—surpassing the total seen in a typical full season, even with two months still remaining.

even with two months still remaining= emphasizes that significant time is left in the season for more storm activity to occur

Among the season's powerful storms, Hurricane Polo underwent rapid intensification, generating wind gusts of 180 mph (285 km/h) fed by warm ocean waters. Polo was also part of a rare cluster, churning simultaneously alongside Odalys and Nolo. This marked the second time in a single month that three Pacific hurricanes have existed at once—a phenomenon not recorded since 2015, following a similar trio formed by Lowell, Karina, and Marie in early September.

underwent rapid intensification= experienced a sudden and extreme increase in wind speed and storm strength over a short period

In sharp contrast, the Atlantic Ocean has remained remarkably calm. El Niño tends to increase wind shear over the northern Atlantic, creating opposing winds that tear developing storms apart and limit their ability to organize. As a result, the basin has seen only one hurricane so far: Hurricane Isaias, which made landfall in the Florida Panhandle and Alabama.

tear developing storms apart= disrupts the vertical circulation of developing storms, preventing them from organizing

Isaias set a new record as the latest-forming first hurricane in the Atlantic during the satellite era, which began in the 1960s, breaking the previous record of September 11 recorded in 2002 and 2013. By this point in an average season, the Atlantic would typically see ten named storms, five hurricanes, and two major hurricanes. This year, it has recorded just eight tropical storms and a single hurricane, showing how one climate pattern can reshape storm activity across opposing oceans.

By this point in an average season= sets a comparative benchmark based on typical historical activity up to this calendar date

Learning Notes

Grammar Patterns

PatternMeaning
even with two months still remainingemphasizes that significant time is left in the season for more storm activity to occur
underwent rapid intensificationexperienced a sudden and extreme increase in wind speed and storm strength over a short period
tear developing storms apartdisrupts the vertical circulation of developing storms, preventing them from organizing
By this point in an average seasonsets a comparative benchmark based on typical historical activity up to this calendar date

Vocabulary

WordMeaning
surgea sudden forceful flow
basina bowl-shaped vessel; usually used for holding food or liquids
landfallthe seacoast first sighted on a voyage (or flight over water)

Language Insights

  • •In meteorological reporting, 'basin' refers to a distinct geographic region where tropical cyclones regularly form, such as the Atlantic or eastern Pacific basins.
  • •The stark contrast between the Pacific and Atlantic illustrates an atmospheric teleconnection, where anomalous sea surface temperatures in one ocean induce opposing wind shear and atmospheric conditions thousands of miles away.

Practice

Check what you just learned.

  1. The   has already produced 22 named storms and 12 hurricanes—including 10 major hurricanes—surpassing the total seen in a typical full season, even with two months still remaining.

  2. Why has the Atlantic hurricane season been unusually quiet during this El Niño?

Source: BBC